A central idea used to predict how chemicals react to form products, is the concept of chemical equilibrium. Chemical equations show reactants with arrows transform into products. However, many reactions do not completely transform all the reactants into products. Many reactions result in a mixture of reactants and products. Reactions undergo the […]
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Learn how to write Lewis structure of simple molecules
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Orbital Hybridization Orbital hybridization controls the local geometry around an atom. More than any other factor, the hybridization state of electron orbitals is responsible for the shape of molecules. Solitary atoms undergo orbital hybridization under the influence of interactions with other atoms. This allows orbitals with different energies and different shapes to mix […]
Read More »Electron Configurations Up To 3rd Period The electron configurations and orbital diagrams of the first three rows (periods) of the periodic table occupy an important role. The configurations form the basis of chemical behavior. Periodic Table to Electron Shells Periods and Electron Shells The rows of the periodic table […]
Read More »Electron Shells Electron shells and orbitals hold electrons in a specific pattern. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons. This makes the number of electrons equal to an element’s atomic number. The electrons reside somewhere away from the nucleus. The positive charge concentrates in a small central nucleus, […]
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Molecular Shape Important The structure of a molecule is not complete until you know the molecular shape. Molecules which have seemingly an identical molecular shape often have very different chemical properties. The featured image above shows a flow chart you can use to deduce the electron geometry and molecular geometry of simple […]
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The difference between a polar molecule and a nonpolar molecule depends on molecular geometry. Polar Bonds Polar result when two different elements share electrons and form a covalent bond. Each element has a characteristic electronegativity. A more electronegative element has a stronger attraction for electrons it shares in a bond. […]
Read More »Bond polarity comes from different elements having different electronegativity; the innate ability to attract electrons within a covalent bond. Electronegativity Each element has a value for electronegativity to compare how two atoms distribute negative charge when they share electrons. Electronegativity Property of Atoms Electronegativity expresses an element’s ability to attract […]
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One of the first road blocks you might find when you start chemistry is how to do dimensional analysis problems. Dimensional analysis problems do not lend themselves to memorization. The first factor of frustration comes when being able to solve a problem does not boil down to finding which equation to […]
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Solid State Chemistry The World of Solids Waits
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